Chapter 12. Responsible distribution of the communal money hoard.

1. This chapter's goal.

Economics is the word used especially to indicate the just distibution of communal riches, whether it is obtained through the invention of money with communal solvency (credits and finances), or obtained positively.

We will not stop to consider in this chapter the principles on which this economical activity is based under an etymological point of view of the word¹.

We exclusively consider the technical bearing of this distribution, so that technicians and specialists can study it more deeply.

As we have already said, communal riches will be distributed in two well separated forms: credits and finances. We will now describe a possible political-technical organization of this distribution of credits and finances.

We must only remember that, should production surpluses not be enough to fill communal needs of credits and finances, established through democratic law by the geo-political society, it will then be necessary to use as an alternative sources, the unique tax of social solidarity, made up by a percentage calculated according to these needs.

2. Investment credits.

A. Calculation.

Investment credits are calculated, globally and sectorially, on their respective surpluses of investment production in each economic accounting period.

B. Distribution.

Investment credits will be granted:

Even if investment credits are granted by the geo-political society, trading banks will act as middlemen. They have the human and technical means, and it is not necessary to double them. Banks therefore will be charged by the geo-political society of the study of the investment plans for the creation of new companies submitted. They will judge their credibility and decide whether the requested credit can be granted, under their sole responsibility.

For this task the banks will charge a normal interest -therefore communal credits will pay an interest double than the free banking interest-. Banks will be fully responsible in case of insolvency of the company to which a credit was granted, through a system of joint partial corresponsibility of every employee granting each credit, of all the employees granting credits, and of the very bank. This system is very effective in all the great trading banks with well paid qualified employees, personally responsible of every operation effected by each of them and all of them responsible when the firm directly cannot answer for the whole of its part of loss.

Summing up, conditions for a communal investment credit, completely different from a bank loan, will be the following:

The main scope of communal credits to investment is to promote the creation of private company riches, according to the principle of highest production, high quality and minimal effort and risk. For this reason, the main principle for granting these credits will be that of technical-productive effectivity shown by the company.

Through communal credits it is also possible to favour different sorts of company education, so that these credits can become very important elements of economical policy, by helping some sort of companies which the geo-political society considers more convenient or more interesting.

Therefore, after fulfilling the necessary condition of production efficiency, the preferential lines of credits for the companies filling given conditions will be established: selfmanaging companies, optimal size companies, etc.

3. Consumption finances.

A. Calculation.

Communal consumption finances are money not to be returned -that is, free- to be used exclusively in consumption.

The volume of the money hoard which can be granted to communal consumption finances will depend from the consumers production surpluses actually present in the market (production surpluses in the hands of retail trade and industry).

B. Scope.

The main scope of distributing communal finances is to cause the disappearance of poverty and social margination because of lack of money, granting to all the members of the geo-political society a dignified vital minimum.

For this reason, the principle which controls finances distribution is not productive effectiveness, nor social ability, but the objective consideration of the minimal vital needs of consumption of all the population, which must be granted on the principle of a total communal solidarity.

C. Distribution.

The consideration of the minimal vital consumption needs of the population distinguishes inside it some groups well differentiated with respect to their consumption possibilities.

In the first place we have consumers-producers: they are utilitarian professionals, who make their consumption through a double origin buying power:

In the second place we have simple consumers, who do not belong to the utilitarian productive society, but rather to the utilitarian consumer society. Simple consumers are:

The different needs of these two main groups -and of the sub-groups to be included there- will be shown by the existence of different financial statutes. These will be basically the following four:

General statute: it will be applicable to everybody without any consideration of the utilitarian-consumers' category involved, as it will grant to every individual and to every family the vital needs equal to all necessary all along their life, even more so under all sorts of unfavourable situations (illness, accidents, invalidity, inability, death, etc.).

Utilitarian statute: for producers-consumers, that is for utilitarian professionals. Because they belong to the productive salary market, they have a buying power for consumption. Therefore the utilitarian statute will only consider helping utilitarian professionals under given unfavourable circumstances: unemployment, strike and lock-out.

Liberal statute: for consumers with a liberal profession, that is those persons who have a profession in the service of society without being privately paid by the market. Because of this, liberal professionals would have no buying power, and the geo-political society will provide, through the liberal statute, salaries and social solidarity to professional budgets in order to allow a worthy living and to develop their profession with all the necessary means.

Also liberal collectivities will be maintained by liberal-financial budgets -including what today is called «social security» and «public services», education, medical assistance, health, communications, public works,... including State and justice. This means that all these services will be completely free for all the population.

Mixed statute: it is half way between utilitarian and liberal as it is meant for a very special group of professionals: craftsmen.

Unemployed utilitarian professionals who want to become craftsmen, besides actual craftsmen, will fall within the mixed statute, which will allow them to improve their craft and to sell on the market their production, besides receiving financial help from the community.

All these financial statutes will include the allocation of:

The total financial monetary hoard of the geopolitical society in each accounting year will be subdivided in two parts according to law:

To calculate the amount of the salaries and budgets of the first part a simple point system can be used. To every individual salary and ordinary budget a given number of points can be attributed, which will be fixed politically by a constitutional law. Therefore, this part of the financial monetary hoard will be divided by the total number of points representing all individual salaries and ordinary budgets. This will give the value of a point, and therefore the monetary value of the different social solidarity salaries and of ordinary budgets.

It is evident that the point value will increase only as a consequence of the increase of the financial monetary hoard of the geo political society, that is of its productive-economic prosperity. However, it might happen that this prosperity, this financial hoard, decreases. In this case, what cannot be done is to reduce the amount of the salaries and of previously granted ordinary social budgets.

This amount will be held through a temporary utilization of the accounting guarantee represented by the daily free positive balances of current accounts at sight, whose amount is socialized as a communal saving (see chapter 9).

However, the general solution of the problem of general deficit depends from the social solidarity tax in an amount vitally necessary to society.

Note:

¹Of the many meanings attributed to the word «economics», we will take up here that of «responsible distribution».

Xenophon adopted the meaning of «common good of the family community: the house», as this was the very restricted subject of his study.